Ingredient Quantity Substitute
Baking powder 1 teaspoon ¼ teaspoon baking soda plus ½ teaspoon cream of tartar
Chocolate 1 square (1 oz) 3 or 4 tablespoon cocoa plus 1 tablespoon butter
Cornstarch 1 Tablespoon 2 tablespoon flour or 2 teaspoon quick-cooking tapioca
Cracker crumbs ¾ cup 1 cup breadcrumbs
Dates 1 lb. (fresh) 1 ½ cup dates, pitted and cut (packaged)
Dry mustard 1 teaspoon 1 tablespoon prepared mustard
Flour, self-rising 1 cup 1 cup all-purpose flour, ½ teaspoon salt, and 1 teaspoon baking powder
Herbs, fresh 1 Tablespoon 1 teaspoon dried herbs
Ketchup or chili sauce 1 cup 1 cup tomato sauce plus ½ cup sugar and 2 tablespoon vinegar (for use in cooking)
Milk, sour 1 cup 1 tablespoon lemon juice or vinegar plus sweet milk to make 1 cup (let stand 5 minutes)
Milk, whole 1 cup ½ cup evaporated milk plus ½ cup water
Min. marshmallows 10 1 lg. marshmallow
Onion, fresh 1 small 1 tablespoon instant minced onion, re-hydrated
Sugar, brown ½ cup 2 tablespoon molasses in ½ cup granulated sugar
Sugar, powdered 1 cup 1 cup granulated sugar plus 1 teaspoon cornstarch
Tomato, juice 1 cup ½ cup tomato sauce plus ½ cup water